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It can be exceedingly difficult, even for the doctors, to make a diagnosis at time of mergency without the support of hospital testing facilities. Often it will be impossible for the first aider to obtain a reliable history from the casualty if he or she is unconscious or sverely shocked. If the first aider is confident that he or she can identify life-threading conditions in the first instance then detailed history-taking is of secondary importance. Where a casualty is unable to give details of events leading up to an accident or emergency then this information should be sought from any relations or bystanders who might be able to provide useful information. Wherever possible, the first aider should try to ascertain the casualty's name and age and whether or not he or she has any significant medical problems or is currently taking any meeication for a specific condition.
Before dealing with any casualty in need of first aid, it is important to check that you will not actually exacerbate the situation or put yourself at risk. It is vital that you send for specialist help as soon as possible - for this you may be able to use bystanders after instructing them clearly which emergency services you require. You may need to be aware of the safety implications of dealing with a casualty in conditions such as heavy traffic or fire, circumstances that will always require increased levels of calm and concentreation. You must never be afraid to admit your limitations as a first aider and you should always be prepared to make way for the professionals.
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